![]() Three properties make SHA-256 this secure. While the exact details of how SHA-256 works are classified, we know that it is built with a Merkle-Damgård structure derived from a one-way compression function itself created with the Davies-Meyer structure from a specialized block cipher. The US government requires its agencies to protect certain sensitive information using SHA-256. SHA-256 is one of the most secure hashing functions on the market. Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin use SHA-256 for verifying transactions. ![]() In Unix and Linux, SHA-256 is used for secure password hashing. What role does SHA-256 hashing play in cybersecurity? SHA-256 is used in some of the most popular authentication and encryption protocols, including SSL, TLS, IPsec, SSH, and PGP. If it matches one of the saved hashes, it’s a valid password and the user can be permitted access. When a user enters a password, the hash value is calculated and then compared with the table. That’s why it’s more secure to store the hash values of passwords instead. Storing users’ passwords in a plain-text document is a recipe for disaster any hacker that manages to access the document would discover a treasure trove of unprotected passwords. Password verification is a particularly important application for cryptographic hashing. Hashes are similarly used to verify digital signatures. The hash code of a secure file can be posted publicly so users who download the file can confirm they have an authentic version without the contents of the file being revealed. For example, hashing is used to verify the integrity of secure messages and files. So why would you want to create a scrambled message that can’t be recovered? The most common reason is to verify the content of data that must be kept secret. It would be virtually impossible to convert the 256-bit hash mentioned above back to its original 512-bit form. In cryptographic hashing, the hashed data is modified in a way that makes it completely unreadable. For example, a 512-bit string of data would be transformed into a 256-bit string through SHA-256 hashing. In hashing, by contrast, data of arbitrary size is mapped to data of fixed size. In its encrypted form, the data may be of unlimited size, often just as long as when unencrypted. What is hashing? In encryption, data is transformed into a secure format that is unreadable unless the recipient has a key. SHA-256 is a patented cryptographic hash function that outputs a value that is 256 bits long. A second step required 570 CPU-years on an 8-year old IBM BlueGene/Q computer, a few weeks before it was scrapped.The SHA-256 algorithm is one flavor of SHA-2 (Secure Hash Algorithm 2), which was created by the National Security Agency in 2001 as a successor to SHA-1. It required 7 calendar months using two obsolete second-hand bitcoin mining devices converted into “useful” computational devices. The actual computation was done on aging hardware. (If we humans cannot analyze some patterns, doesn't mean AI can't) In fact the AI thought just crossed my mind in this very moment. What if someone like entering previously hashed data as a learning/training set into an AI system for example?
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